Rat brain opioid peptides-circadian rhythm is under control of melatonin.

Rat brain opioid peptides-circadian rhythm is under control of melatonin.

Miguel Asai MA, Lilian Mayagoitia LM, David García DG, Gilberto Matamoros-Trejo GM, Marcela Valdés-Tovar MV, Phillipe Leff PL.

Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Calzada México-Xochimilco #101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, C.P. 14370, México D.F., Mexico.

Several experiments have revealed an Endogenous Opioid System (EOS)-circadian rhythm. The brain-borne hormone, melatonin (MEL) has been shown to regulate the organism photoperiodic activity and may be implicated in the EOS-circadian rhythm. To explore this hypothesis, we studied the effect of functional pinealectomy on the EOS-circadian rhythm by measuring the immunoreactive content of Met-Enkephalin, Leu-Enkephalin and Synenkephalin in both hypothalamus and hippocampus of the rat brain, using standard radioimmunoassay procedures. Experimental animals exposed to white fluorescent light (WFL) for 15days (<50lux), displayed a disruption of the EOS-circadian rhythm, showing that absence of MEL induced a significant decrease of tissue content of enkephalin peptides at 01:00h during the dark-phase of the 24-h circadian rhythm, when compared to control rats. Functional pinealectomized rats exposed to 4 or 6h period of darkness (used to revert the effects induced by the absence of melatonin) significantly increased the tissue content of ME-IR and LE-IR, when compared to both controls and non-exposed WFL-treated rats. In addition, subcutaneous administration of exogenous melatonin (10, 100, 150, 300, 600mug/kg), in WFL-treated animals produced significant dose-dependent increases of ME-IR in both brain regions tested. Finally, luzindole (melatonin receptor antagonist) administration, was not able to prevent the enkephalin tissue increase, induced with the MEL administration (150mug/kg). This data suggest that MEL not only regulates the EOS-circadian rhythm, but also appears to modulate their synthesis in the rat brain from their respective neurons.

PMID: 17988732 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

Posted in Psychiatry/Neurology |

Undzere Kinder Workshop

Institute for Psychoanalytic Training and Research
Center for Jewish History
YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

Childhood Trauma in Film: Unzere Kinder
(Our Children; Poland 1948)
אינדזערע קינדער
November 4, 2007 2-5 PM

This workshop screens and discusses the last Yiddish-language movie made in Poland. In this part docu-drama, part melancholic comedy produced (but never shown) in Poland in 1948, famous Yiddish comedians Dzigan and Szumacher visit the Helanowek orphanage near the city of Lodz to perform for an audience of Jewish orphans who survived the Holocaust. Their theatrical performance, although well-intentioned, stirs up painful memories of recent events, but also offends the children by the sentimentalized and naïve depiction of wartime conditions. Having all lived through the reality of separation and loss, the children start telling their stories…

In what has become a tradition during medical-psychiatric and psychoanalytic conferences around the world (e.g., International Academy of Law and Mental Health, Padua 2007; International Psychoanalytic Association Meeting, Rio de Janeiro 2005), Dr. Preter and colleagues continue their exploration of post-Shoah psychological trauma and its representation in film.

Moderators:
Maurice Preter, MD, Psychiatrist and Neurologist, Columbia University, New York
Isaac Tylim, PsyD, Psychologist and Psychoanalyst, IPTAR, New York

Panelists:
Harold J. Bursztajn, MD, Psychiatrist and Psychoanalyst, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass
Eva Kantor, PhD, Psychologist and Psychoanalyst, IPTAR, New York
Shimon Redlich, PhD (recorded video interview), Historian, Professor Emeritus; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
Marek Web, Senior Research Scholar and former Chief Archivist (1970-2002); YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York;
Eva Weil, PhD, Psychologist and Psychoanalyst, Paris Psychoanalytic Society, Paris/France.

Format:
Rather than a traditional panel discussion, this workshop will focus on group process and interaction as much among members of the audience as between the audience and the panelists. We would like participants to introduce themselves to their neighbors, form small groups (of 2, and then 4) and share their impressions of the film. Likewise, panelists will be interviewed in a one-on-one setting and share their personal histories, impressions, reactions, thoughts etc. about the film.

Notes:
This event is sponsored by the Center for Jewish History, the Institute for Psychoanalytic Training and Research IPTAR (Art, Psychoanalysis, and Society Project) and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
Please note that this event will be recorded and may later be used for educational purposes and possible broadcasting.
For any questions, and to continue the discussion on-line, please contact Dr. Preter at mp2285@columbia.edu

Suggested Links:
Summary of the “Undzere Kinder” workshop at the 44th Congress of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Shimon Redlich: Between History and Biography. Memories from Postwar Lodz. 2006

Joanna Michlic: The Children Accuse. SHCY. Winter 2007

Interview with Historian Shimon Redlich (child actor in Undzere Kinder)

Posted in Events |

Tinnitus and pain.

Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:47-53. Related Articles, Links
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Tinnitus and pain.

Møller AR.

School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, GR41, PO Box 830688, Richardson, TX 75083-0688, USA.

Tinnitus has many similarities with the symptoms of neurological disorders such as paresthesia and central neuropathic pain. There is considerable evidence that the symptoms and signs of some forms of tinnitus and central neuropathic pain are caused by functional changes in specific parts of the central nervous system and that these changes are caused by expression of neural plasticity. The changes in the auditory nervous system that cause tinnitus and the changes in the somatosensory systems that cause central neuropathic pain may have been initiated from the periphery, i.e. the ear or the auditory nerve for tinnitus and receptors and peripheral nerves in the body for pain. In the chronic condition of tinnitus and pain, abnormalities in the periphery may no longer play a role in the pathology, but the tinnitus is still referred to the ear and central neuropathic pain is still referred to the location on the body of the original pathology. In this chapter we will discuss specific similarities between tinnitus and pain, and compare tinnitus with other phantom disorders. Since much more is known about pain than about tinnitus, it is valuable to take advantage of the knowledge about pain in efforts to understand the pathophysiology of tinnitus and find treatments for tinnitus.

PMID: 17956770 [PubMed – in process]

Posted in News | Tagged |

Panic disorder among Vietnamese refugees attending a psychiatric clinic: prevalence and subtypes.

Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2001 Nov-Dec;23(6):337-44. Related Articles, Links
Click here to read
Panic disorder among Vietnamese refugees attending a psychiatric clinic: prevalence and subtypes.

Hinton D, Chau H, Nguyen L, Nguyen M, Pham T, Quinn S, Tran M.

Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. devon_hinton@hms.harvard.edu

This study surveys Vietnamese refugees attending two psychiatric clinics to determine both the prevalence of panic disorder (PD) as well as panic attack subtypes in those suffering PD. A culturally valid adaptation of the SCID-panic module (the Vietnamese Panic Disorder Survey or VPDS) was administered to 100 Vietnamese refugees attending two psychiatric clinics. Utilizing culturally sensitive panic probes, the VPDS provides information regarding both the presence of PD and panic attack subtypes during the month prior to interview. Of 100 patients surveyed, 50 (50%) currently suffered PD. Among the 50 patients suffering PD, the most common panic attack subtypes during the previous month were the following: “orthostatic dizziness” (74% of the 50 panic disorder patients [PDPs]), headache (50% of PDPs), wind-induced/temperature-shift-induced (24% of PDPs), effort-induced (18% of PDPs), gastro-intestinal (16% of PDPs), micturition-induced (8% of PDPs), out-of-the-blue palpitations (24% of PDPs), and out-of-the-blue shortness of breath (16% of PDPs). Five mechanisms are adduced to account for this high PD prevalence as well as the specific profile of subtypes: 1) a trauma-caused panic attack diathesis; 2) trauma-event cues; 3) ethnic differences in physiology; 4) catastrophic cognitions generated by cultural syndromes; and 5) a modification of Clark’s spiral of panic.

Publication Types:

PMID: 11738465 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted in News | Tagged |

Neck pain causes respiratory dysfunction.

See also the “Sore Neck Syndrome” described in Vietnamese refugees (reference posted on this blog). MP 
 
 
Med Hypotheses. 2007 Oct 22; [Epub ahead of print] Related Articles, Links
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Neck pain causes respiratory dysfunction.

Kapreli E, Vourazanis E, Strimpakos N.

Department of Physiotherapy, TEI Lamias, 3rd Km Old National Road Lamia, Athens, 35100 Lamia, Greece.

This paper describes a presumptive mechanism for the development of changes in respiratory function due to chronic neck pain. The patient with neck pain presents a number of factors that could constitute a predisposition of leading to a respiratory dysfunction: (a) the decreased strength of deep neck flexors and extensors, (b) the hyperactivity and increased fatigability of superficial neck flexors, (c) the limitation of range of motion, (d) the decrease in proprioception and disturbances in neuromuscular control, (e) the existence of pain and (f) the psychosocial influence of dysfunction. The possible connection of neck pain and respiratory function could have a great impact on various clinical aspects notably patient assessment, rehabilitation and pharmacological prescription.

PMID: 17959320 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

Posted in News | Tagged |